12Feb, 2022

Big Servo Motor Wiring And Working Principle and PLC & Arduino control

1,025 Views

what is pulse width modulation?

Pulse width modulation means a signal that changes Pulses with a time interval called Pulse width modulation (PWM).PWM signal is a digital signal change with the ms time delay.in servo motor, PWM signal changes the cycle every 20ms with the pulses change between sequence of 1ms to 2ms. the PWM signal change duty cycle of 1.5 ms of the 50-60hz frequency cycles approx of 5-15% range of duty cycle of 50-60hz

servo motor movement is changed with the change of coil current cycles change with the time. the speed of the servo runs faster when the pulse frequency is more. the delay means the no. of pulses, speed means the frequency of motor .so never be confused about pulse and speed frequency
servo motor

Duty cycle

Duty cycles mean no. of signal change with time intervals

How stepper motor phase or duty cycles change

PWM APPLICATION

electronics microcontroller to speed applications like led switching, blinking, scrolling, camera shuttering, buzzer etc.
Servo, Stepper, BLDC motors controlling.
data shif register in electronics
signal generator
medical equipment
amplifier
Telecommunication

Stepper motor control with Omron cp1e plc and Proface HMI

how to ac servo motor control Arduino mega to make 3d printer

Servo Motor Control Arduino Code

#include <Servo.h>

Servo myservo;  // create servo object to control a servo
// twelve servo objects can be created on most boards

int pos = 0;    // variable to store the servo position

void setup() {
  myservo.attach(9);  // attaches the servo on pin 9 to the servo object
}

void loop() {
  for (pos = 0; pos <= 180; pos += 1) { // goes from 0 degrees to 180 degrees
    // in steps of 1 degree
    myservo.write(pos);              // tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos'
    delay(15);                       // waits 15ms for the servo to reach the position
  }
  for (pos = 180; pos >= 0; pos -= 1) { // goes from 180 degrees to 0 degrees
    myservo.write(pos);              // tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos'
    delay(15);                       // waits 15ms for the servo to reach the position
  }
}

11Feb, 2022

Working digital Clock Using HTML CSS And Javascript with RGB colour effects

876 Views

Digital Clock color changing effects | yawot.com

09:16:55 PM

html code copy and paste and save the file name and extentension is index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<!-- Created By yawot.com -->
<html lang="en" dir="ltr">
   <head>
      <meta charset="utf-8">
      <title>Digital Clock color changing effects | yawot.com</title>
      <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">
   </head>
   <body>
      <div class="wrapper">
         <div class="display">
            <div id="time"></div>
         </div>
         <span></span>
         <span></span>
      </div>
      <script>
         setInterval(()=>{
           const time = document.querySelector(".display #time");
           let date = new Date();
           let hours = date.getHours();
           let minutes = date.getMinutes();
           let seconds = date.getSeconds();
           let day_night = "AM";
           if(hours > 12){
             day_night = "PM";
             hours = hours - 12;
           }
           if(seconds < 10){
             seconds = "0" + seconds;
           }
           if(minutes < 10){
             minutes = "0" + minutes;
           }
           if(hours < 10){
             hours = "0" + hours;
           }
           time.textContent = hours + ":" + minutes + ":" + seconds + " "+ day_night;
         });
      </script>
   </body>
</html>

css code copy and paste and save the file name and extentension is style.css

*{
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
}
html,body{
  display: grid;
  height: 100%;
  place-items: center;
  background: #000;
}
.wrapper{
  height: 100px;
  width: 360px;
  position: relative;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #14ffe9, #ffeb3b, #ff00e0);
  border-radius: 10px;
  cursor: default;
  animation: animate 1.5s linear infinite;
}
.wrapper .display,
.wrapper span{
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  left: 50%;
  transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
}
.wrapper .display{
  z-index: 999;
  height: 85px;
  width: 345px;
  background: #1b1b1b;
  border-radius: 6px;
  text-align: center;
}
.display #time{
  line-height: 85px;
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 50px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 1px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #14ffe9, #ffeb3b, #ff00e0);
  -webkit-background-clip: text;
  -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
  animation: animate 1.5s linear infinite;
}
@keyframes animate {
  100%{
    filter: hue-rotate(360deg);
  }
}
.wrapper span{
  height: 100%;
  width: 100%;
  border-radius: 10px;
  background: inherit;
}
.wrapper span:first-child{
  filter: blur(7px);
}
.wrapper span:last-child{
  filter: blur(20px);
}

11Feb, 2022

Working Analogue clock using HTML CSS and javascript

826 Views

Analog Clock | yawot.com

copy the html code and paste on your notepad and save it to index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<!-- Created By yawot.com -->
<html lang="en" dir="ltr">
   <head>
      <meta charset="utf-8">
      <title> Analog Clock | yawot.com</title>
	   <h1> Analog Clock | yawot.com</h1>
      <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">
   </head>
   <body>
      <div class="clock">
         <div class="center-nut"></div>
         <div class="center-nut2"></div>
         <div class="indicators">
            <div></div>
            <div></div>
            <div></div>
            <div></div>
            <div></div>
            <div></div>
            <div></div>
            <div></div>
            <div></div>
            <div></div>
            <div></div>
            <div></div>
         </div>
         <div class="sec-hand">
            <div class="sec"></div>
         </div>
         <div class="min-hand">
            <div class="min"></div>
         </div>
         <div class="hr-hand">
            <div class="hr"></div>
         </div>
      </div>
      <script>
         const sec = document.querySelector(".sec");
         const min = document.querySelector(".min");
         const hr = document.querySelector(".hr");
         setInterval(function(){
           let time  = new Date();
           let secs = time.getSeconds() * 6;
           let mins = time.getMinutes() * 6;
           let hrs = time.getHours() * 30;
           sec.style.transform = `rotateZ(${secs}deg)`;
           min.style.transform = `rotateZ(${mins}deg)`;
           hr.style.transform = `rotateZ(${hrs+(mins/12)}deg)`;
         });
      </script>
   </body>
</html>

copy the html code and paste on your notepad and save it to style.css

<!-- Created By yawot.com -->
*{
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
html,body{
  height: 100%;
}
body{
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  background: #dde1e7;
  text-align: center;
}
.clock{
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  background: #dde1e7;
  height: 250px;
  width: 250px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  box-shadow: -3px -3px 7px #ffffff73,
              3px 3px 5px rgba(94,104,121,0.288);
}
.clock:before{
  position: absolute;
  content: '';
  height: 220px;
  width: 220px;
  background: #dde1e7;
  border-radius: 50%;
  box-shadow: inset -3px -3px 7px #ffffff73,
              inset 3px 3px 5px rgba(94,104,121,0.288);
}
.clock:after{
  position: absolute;
  content: '';
  height: 120px;
  width: 120px;
  background: #dde1e7;
  border-radius: 50%;
  box-shadow: -1px -1px 5px #ffffff73,
              1px 1px 3px rgba(94,104,121,0.288);
}
.clock .center-nut{
  height: 15px;
  width: 15px;
  background: #404040;
  border-radius: 50%;
  z-index: 2;
  position: absolute;
}
.clock .center-nut2{
  height: 9px;
  width: 9px;
  background: #3498db;
  border-radius: 50%;
  z-index: 15;
  position: absolute;
}
.indicators div{
  position: absolute;
  width: 2px;
  height: 5px;
  background: #404040;
}
.indicators div:nth-child(1){
  transform: rotate(30deg) translateY(-100px);
}
.indicators div:nth-child(2){
  transform: rotate(60deg) translateY(-100px);
}
.indicators div:nth-child(3){
  background: #3498db;
  transform: rotate(90deg) translateY(-100px);
}
.indicators div:nth-child(4){
  transform: rotate(120deg) translateY(-100px);
}
.indicators div:nth-child(5){
  transform: rotate(150deg) translateY(-100px);
}
.indicators div:nth-child(6){
  background: #3498db;
  transform: rotate(180deg) translateY(-100px);
}
.indicators div:nth-child(7){
  transform: rotate(210deg) translateY(-100px);
}
.indicators div:nth-child(8){
  transform: rotate(240deg) translateY(-100px);
}
.indicators div:nth-child(9){
  background: #3498db;
  transform: rotate(270deg) translateY(-100px);
}
.indicators div:nth-child(10){
  transform: rotate(300deg) translateY(-100px);
}
.indicators div:nth-child(11){
  transform: rotate(330deg) translateY(-100px);
}
.indicators div:nth-child(12){
  background: #3498db;
  transform: rotate(360deg) translateY(-100px);
}
.sec-hand,.min-hand,.hr-hand{
  position: absolute;
}
.sec-hand, .sec{
  height: 180px;
  width: 180px;
  z-index: 6;
}
.min-hand, .min{
  height: 140px;
  width: 140px;
  z-index: 5;
}
.hr-hand, .hr{
  height: 110px;
  width: 110px;
  z-index: 4;
}
.sec,.min,.hr{
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  position: absolute;
}
.sec:before{
  position: absolute;
  content: '';
  height: 110px;
  width: 3px;
  background: #3498db;
}
.sec:after{
  position: absolute;
  content: '';
  height: 35px;
  width: 7px;
  background: #3498db;
  top: 105px;
  border-radius: 5px;
}
.min:before{
  position: absolute;
  content: '';
  width: 1px;
  top: -15px;
  border-left: 3px solid transparent;
  border-right: 3px solid transparent;
  border-bottom: 60px solid #e95949;
}
.min:after{
  position: absolute;
  content: '';
  width: 3px;
  top: 40px;
  border-left: 2px solid transparent;
  border-right: 2px solid transparent;
  border-top: 30px solid #e95949;
}
.hr:before{
  position: absolute;
  content: '';
  width: 1px;
  border-left: 3px solid transparent;
  border-right: 3px solid transparent;
  border-bottom: 35px solid #303030;
}
.hr:after{
  position: absolute;
  content: '';
  width: 3px;
  top: 34px;
  border-left: 2px solid transparent;
  border-right: 2px solid transparent;
  border-top: 25px solid #303030;
}

8Feb, 2022

How To Become A Cyber security & Professional Hacker

563 Views

Cybersecurity & Hacker Professional are most important in internet and computer security to prevent and safe electronics data. Cyber security is the practice of defending computers, servers, mobile devices, electronic systems, networks, and data from malicious attacks

These all skills and questions know every expert of cybersecurity and hacker Professional

Security Risk Assessment
Dos and DDoS Attacks
Attack Mitigation Techniques
Firewalls, IDS, IPS
Cryptography
Incident Response and Management
Log Analysis
Forensics
Introduction to Ethical Hacking
Footprinting, Scanning, and Enumeration
Hacking Web servers and Web applications
DoS, SQL injection, Buffer overflow attacks
Cryptography
Wireless hacking
Linux Hacking
Phishing
Countermeasures

Module 1: Security Risk

Assessment (Ethical Hacking)
Introduction to Ethical Hacking
What is Hacking
What is Ethical Hacking
What is Penetration Testing
What is Vulnerability Auditing
Footprinting
What is FootPrinting
Footprinting Techniques
Footprinting Website & Tools
Scanning
What is Network scanning
Types of Scanners
Vulnerability Scanner Tools
Proxy
What is a proxy server
Types of proxies
What is a Darkweb
Why do hackers prefer to use Darkweb
Hacking Web Servers & Web
Applications
What is a web server
Types of web attacks
Session Hijacking
What is session hijacking
Session hijacking Techniques
Session hijacking Tools
Denial of Service
What are a DoS and DDoS attack
DoS attack techniques
DoS attack Tools
System Hacking
What is System Hacking
What is Password Cracking
Password Cracking techniques
Password Cracking Website & Tools
Sniffers
What is a sniffer
Sniffing Techniques
Sniffing Tools
Phishing
What is Phishing
Phishing Techniques
Phishing Tools
Malware
What is malware
Types of malware
Malware creation Tools
USB password stealers
Wireless Hacking
Types of wireless networks
Wireless Hacking Techniques
Wireless Hacking Tools
Kali Linux
What is Kali Linux
Kali Linux Tools

Module 2: Proactive Defence and Countermeasures

Introduction to Security
What is security?
Layer 1 Security
Layer 2 Security
Layer 3 security
Firewalls
What is a Firewall?
Types of firewalls
Designing Security with Firewalls
NAT
Security Policy
Logs Management
Application Security
Content / Web Security
Authentication
Virtual Private Networks
What is VPNs
Type of VPNs
GRE
IPSEC
SSL
Intrusion Prevention Systems
What is an Intrusion Detection
System?
What is an Intrusion Prevention
System?
High Availability
Virtual / Cloud Devices Security
Host Security
OS Hardening
Patch management
Antivirus
Endpoint Security

Module 3: Incident Response and Management (SIEM)

Introduction to SIEM
SIEM Architecture
Events and Logs
Event Correlation and Event
Collection
Correlation Rules
Forensic Data
SIEM Deployment

Incident Response

Introduction Incident Response
Incident Response Policy
Incident Handling
Forensics of Incident response
Insider Threat
Incident Recovery
Malware Analysis

Mobile Forensics

Forensic Acquisition of Smartphones
Logical Acquisition
File System Acquisition
Physical Acquisition
Android Forensics
from Android Devices
Retrieving User Activity Information
iOS (iPhone) Forensics Retrieving User Activity Information
iOS Devices

31Jan, 2022

Arduino MEGA 48 Output Control using the web page

744 Views

Arduino MEGA 48 Output

/*--------------------------------------------------------------
  Program:      ethernet_webserver_SD_Ajax_48_out

  Description:  Arduino web server allows 48 outputs to be
                switched on and off using checkboxes.
                The web page is stored on the micro SD card.
  
  Hardware:     Arduino MEGA 2560 and official Arduino Ethernet
                shield.
                Tested with 24 LEDs connected from pin 2 to 49
                Can't use pins 50 to 53 when Ethernet shield
                plugged in, these pins are for SPI.
                2Gb micro SD card formatted FAT16.
                
  Software:     Developed using Arduino 1.0.6 software
                Should be compatible with Arduino 1.0 +
                SD card contains web page called index.htm
  
  References:    - SD card examples by Rahul
                - Ethernet library documentation:
                  http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/Ethernet
                - SD Card library documentation:
                  http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/SD
                - Based on code from the Ethernet shield
                  tutorial:
                  http://www.yawot.com/

  Date:         30 March 2015
 
  Author:       Rahul , http://www.yawot.com/
--------------------------------------------------------------*/

#include <SPI.h>
#include <Ethernet.h>
#include <SD.h>
// size of buffer used to capture HTTP requests
#define REQ_BUF_SZ   60

// MAC address from Ethernet shield sticker under board
byte mac[] = { 0xDE, 0xAD, 0xBE, 0xEF, 0xFE, 0xED };
IPAddress ip(192, 168, 0, 20);    // IP address, may need to change depending on network
EthernetServer server(80);        // create a server at port 80
File webFile;                     // the web page file on the SD card
char HTTP_req[REQ_BUF_SZ] = {0};  // buffered HTTP request stored as null terminated string
char req_index = 0;               // index into HTTP_req buffer
unsigned char LED_state[3] = {0}; // stores the states of the LEDs, 1 bit per LED

void setup()
{
    int i;
    
    // disable Ethernet chip
    pinMode(10, OUTPUT);
    digitalWrite(10, HIGH);
    
    Serial.begin(9600);       // for debugging
    
    // initialize SD card
    Serial.println("Initializing SD card...");
    if (!SD.begin(4)) {
        Serial.println("ERROR - SD card initialization failed!");
        return;    // init failed
    }
    Serial.println("SUCCESS - SD card initialized.");
    // check for index.htm file
    if (!SD.exists("index.htm")) {
        Serial.println("ERROR - Can't find index.htm file!");
        return;  // can't find index file
    }
    Serial.println("SUCCESS - Found index.htm file.");
    
    // pins 26 to 49 are outputs
    for (i = 2; i <= 49; i++) {
        pinMode(i, OUTPUT);    // set pins as outputs
        digitalWrite(i, LOW);  // switch the output pins off
    }
    
    Ethernet.begin(mac, ip);  // initialize Ethernet device
    server.begin();           // start to listen for clients
}

void loop()
{
    EthernetClient client = server.available();  // try to get client

    if (client) {  // got client?
        boolean currentLineIsBlank = true;
        while (client.connected()) {
            if (client.available()) {   // client data available to read
                char c = client.read(); // read 1 byte (character) from client
                // limit the size of the stored received HTTP request
                // buffer first part of HTTP request in HTTP_req array (string)
                // leave last element in array as 0 to null terminate string (REQ_BUF_SZ - 1)
                if (req_index < (REQ_BUF_SZ - 1)) {
                    HTTP_req[req_index] = c;          // save HTTP request character
                    req_index++;
                }
                // last line of client request is blank and ends with \n
                // respond to client only after last line received
                if (c == '\n' && currentLineIsBlank) {
                    // send a standard http response header
                    client.println("HTTP/1.1 200 OK");
                    // remainder of header follows below, depending on if
                    // web page or XML page is requested
                    // Ajax request - send XML file
                    if (StrContains(HTTP_req, "ajax_inputs")) {
                        // send rest of HTTP header
                        client.println("Content-Type: text/xml");
                        client.println("Connection: keep-alive");
                        client.println();
                        SetLEDs();
                        // send XML file containing input states
                        XML_response(client);
                    }
                    else {  // web page request
                        // send rest of HTTP header
                        client.println("Content-Type: text/html");
                        client.println("Connection: keep-alive");
                        client.println();
                        // send web page
                        webFile = SD.open("index.htm");        // open web page file
                        if (webFile) {
                            while(webFile.available()) {
                                client.write(webFile.read()); // send web page to client
                            }
                            webFile.close();
                        }
                    }
                    // display received HTTP request on serial port
                    //Serial.print(HTTP_req);
                    // reset buffer index and all buffer elements to 0
                    req_index = 0;
                    StrClear(HTTP_req, REQ_BUF_SZ);
                    break;
                }
                // every line of text received from the client ends with \r\n
                if (c == '\n') {
                    // last character on line of received text
                    // starting new line with next character read
                    currentLineIsBlank = true;
                } 
                else if (c != '\r') {
                    // a text character was received from client
                    currentLineIsBlank = false;
                }
            } // end if (client.available())
        } // end while (client.connected())
        delay(1);      // give the web browser time to receive the data
        client.stop(); // close the connection
    } // end if (client)
}

// checks if received HTTP request is switching on/off LEDs
// also saves the state of the LEDs
void SetLEDs(void)
{
    char str_on[12] = {0};
    char str_off[12] = {0};
    unsigned char i;
    unsigned int  j;
    int LED_num = 1;
    
    for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        for (j = 1; j <= 0x80; j <<= 1) {
            sprintf(str_on,  "LED%d=%d", LED_num, 1);
            sprintf(str_off, "LED%d=%d", LED_num, 0);
            if (StrContains(HTTP_req, str_on)) {
                LED_state[i] |= (unsigned char)j;  // save LED state
                digitalWrite(LED_num + 25, HIGH);
                Serial.println("ON");
            }
            else if (StrContains(HTTP_req, str_off)) {
                LED_state[i] &= (unsigned char)(~j);  // save LED state
                digitalWrite(LED_num + 25, LOW);
            }
            LED_num++;
        }
    }
}

// send the XML file with analog values, switch status
//  and LED status
void XML_response(EthernetClient cl)
{
    unsigned char i;
    unsigned int  j;
    
    cl.print("<?xml version = \"1.0\" ?>");
    cl.print("<inputs>");
    for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        for (j = 1; j <= 0x80; j <<= 1) {
            cl.print("<LED>");
            if ((unsigned char)LED_state[i] & j) {
                cl.print("checked");
                //Serial.println("ON");
            }
            else {
                cl.print("unchecked");
            }
            cl.println("</LED>");
        }
    }
    cl.print("</inputs>");
}

// sets every element of str to 0 (clears array)
void StrClear(char *str, char length)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
        str[i] = 0;
    }
}

// searches for the string sfind in the string str
// returns 1 if string found
// returns 0 if string not found
char StrContains(char *str, char *sfind)
{
    char found = 0;
    char index = 0;
    char len;

    len = strlen(str);
    
    if (strlen(sfind) > len) {
        return 0;
    }
    while (index < len) {
        if (str[index] == sfind[found]) {
            found++;
            if (strlen(sfind) == found) {
                return 1;
            }
        }
        else {
            found = 0;
        }
        index++;
    }

    return 0;
}

webserver code that you can copy and save into your sd card on the ethernet shield

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <title>Arduino MEGA 48 Output by yawot.com</title>
        <script>
		strLED = "";

		function GetArduinoIO()
		{
			nocache = "&nocache=" + Math.random() * 1000000;
			var request = new XMLHttpRequest();
			request.onreadystatechange = function()
			{
				if (this.readyState == 4) {
					if (this.status == 200) {
						if (this.responseXML != null) {
							// XML file received - contains LED states
							var re;
							var num_LEDs;
							var i;
							var ledstr = "";
							
							re = this.responseXML.getElementsByTagName('LED');
							num_LEDs = re.length;
							
							for (i = 0; i < num_LEDs; i++) {
								ledstr = "LED" + (i + 1);
								if (re[i].childNodes[0].nodeValue === "checked") {
									document.getElementsByName(ledstr)[0].checked = true;
								}
								else {
									document.getElementsByName(ledstr)[0].checked = false;
								}
							}
						}
					}
				}
			}
			// send HTTP GET request with LEDs to switch on/off if any
			request.open("GET", "ajax_inputs" + strLED + nocache, true);
			request.send(null);
			setTimeout('GetArduinoIO()', 1000);
			strLED = "";
		}
		// service LEDs when checkbox checked/unchecked
		function GetCheck(led_num_str, cb)
		{
			if (cb.checked) {
				strLED += ("&" + led_num_str + "=1");
			}
			else {
				strLED += ("&" + led_num_str + "=0");
			}
		}
	</script>
	<style>
	
		
			.out_box {
			float: left;
			margin: 0 20px 20px 0;
			border: 1px solid red;
			padding: 0 5px 0 5px;
			min-width: 280px;
		}
		input {
			margin: 10px;
		}
		input {
			vertical-align: -3px;
		}
		h1 {
			font-size: 120%;
			color: red;
			margin: 0 0 10px 0;
		}
		h2 {
			font-size: 85%;
			color: #5734E6;
			margin: 5px 0 5px 0;
		}
		p, form, button {
			font-size: 80%;
			color: #red;
		}
		.small_text {
			font-size: 70%;
			color: #797373;
			
		}
		
	</style>
    </head>
    <body onload="GetArduinoIO()">
        <h1>Arduino MEGA 48 Output by yawot.com</h1>
		
			<div class="out_box">
			<form class="check_LEDs" name="LED_form1">
				<input type="checkbox" name="LED1" value="0" onclick="GetCheck('LED1', this)" />LED 1 (D22)
				<input type="checkbox" name="LED2" value="0" onclick="GetCheck('LED2', this)" />LED 2 (D23)<br />
				<input type="checkbox" name="LED3" value="0" onclick="GetCheck('LED3', this)" />LED 3 (D24)
				<input type="checkbox" name="LED4" value="0" onclick="GetCheck('LED4', this)" />LED 4 (D25)
			</form>
		</div>
		
		
		<div class="out_box">
			<form class="check_LEDs" name="LED_form1">
				<input type="checkbox" name="LED1" value="0" onclick="GetCheck('LED1', this)" />LED 5 (D26)
				<input type="checkbox" name="LED2" value="0" onclick="GetCheck('LED2', this)" />LED 6 (D27)<br />
				<input type="checkbox" name="LED3" value="0" onclick="GetCheck('LED3', this)" />LED 7 (D28)
				<input type="checkbox" name="LED4" value="0" onclick="GetCheck('LED4', this)" />LED 8 (D29)
			</form>
		</div>
		<div class="out_box">
			<form class="check_LEDs" name="LED_form2">
				<input type="checkbox" name="LED5" value="0" onclick="GetCheck('LED5', this)" />LED 9 (D30)
				<input type="checkbox" name="LED6" value="0" onclick="GetCheck('LED6', this)" />LED 10 (D31)<br />
				<input type="checkbox" name="LED7" value="0" onclick="GetCheck('LED7', this)" />LED 11 (D32)
				<input type="checkbox" name="LED8" value="0" onclick="GetCheck('LED8', this)" />LED 12 (D33)
			</form>
		</div>
		<div class="out_box">
			<form class="check_LEDs" name="LED_form3">
				<input type="checkbox" name="LED9" value="0" onclick="GetCheck('LED9', this)" />LED 13 (D34)
				<input type="checkbox" name="LED10" value="0" onclick="GetCheck('LED10', this)" />LED 14 (D35)<br />
				<input type="checkbox" name="LED11" value="0" onclick="GetCheck('LED11', this)" />LED 15 (D36)
				<input type="checkbox" name="LED12" value="0" onclick="GetCheck('LED12', this)" />LED 16 (D37)
			</form>
		</div>
		<div class="out_box">
			<form class="check_LEDs" name="LED_form4">
				<input type="checkbox" name="LED13" value="0" onclick="GetCheck('LED13', this)" />LED 17 (D38)
				<input type="checkbox" name="LED14" value="0" onclick="GetCheck('LED14', this)" />LED 18 (D39)<br />
				<input type="checkbox" name="LED15" value="0" onclick="GetCheck('LED15', this)" />LED 19 (D40)
				<input type="checkbox" name="LED16" value="0" onclick="GetCheck('LED16', this)" />LED 20 (D41)
			</form>
		</div>
		<div class="out_box">
			<form class="check_LEDs" name="LED_form5">
				<input type="checkbox" name="LED17" value="0" onclick="GetCheck('LED17', this)" />LED 21 (D42)
				<input type="checkbox" name="LED18" value="0" onclick="GetCheck('LED18', this)" />LED 22 (D43)<br />
				<input type="checkbox" name="LED19" value="0" onclick="GetCheck('LED19', this)" />LED 23 (D44)
				<input type="checkbox" name="LED20" value="0" onclick="GetCheck('LED20', this)" />LED 24 (D45)
			</form>
		</div>
		<div class="out_box">
			<form class="check_LEDs" name="LED_form6">
				<input type="checkbox" name="LED21" value="0" onclick="GetCheck('LED21', this)" />LED 25 (D46)
				<input type="checkbox" name="LED22" value="0" onclick="GetCheck('LED22', this)" />LED 26 (D47)<br />
				<input type="checkbox" name="LED23" value="0" onclick="GetCheck('LED23', this)" />LED 27 (D48)
				<input type="checkbox" name="LED24" value="0" onclick="GetCheck('LED24', this)" />LED 28 (D49)
			</form>
		</div>
		
			<div class="out_box">
			<form class="check_LEDs" name="LED_form1">
				<input type="checkbox" name="LED1" value="0" onclick="GetCheck('LED1', this)" />LED 29 (D14)
				<input type="checkbox" name="LED2" value="0" onclick="GetCheck('LED2', this)" />LED 30 (D15)<br />
				<input type="checkbox" name="LED3" value="0" onclick="GetCheck('LED3', this)" />LED 31 (D16)
				<input type="checkbox" name="LED4" value="0" onclick="GetCheck('LED4', this)" />LED 32 (D17)
					</form>
		</div>
				
					<div class="out_box">
			<form class="check_LEDs" name="LED_form1">
				<input type="checkbox" name="LED1" value="0" onclick="GetCheck('LED1', this)" />LED 33 (D18)
				<input type="checkbox" name="LED2" value="0" onclick="GetCheck('LED2', this)" />LED 34 (D19)<br />
				<input type="checkbox" name="LED3" value="0" onclick="GetCheck('LED3', this)" />LED 35 (D20)
				<input type="checkbox" name="LED4" value="0" onclick="GetCheck('LED4', this)" />LED 36 (D21)
			</form>
		</div>
			<div class="out_box">
			<form class="check_LEDs" name="LED_form1">
				<input type="checkbox" name="LED1" value="0" onclick="GetCheck('LED1', this)" />LED 37 (D2)
				<input type="checkbox" name="LED2" value="0" onclick="GetCheck('LED2', this)" />LED 38 (D3)<br />
				<input type="checkbox" name="LED3" value="0" onclick="GetCheck('LED3', this)" />LED 39 (D4)
				<input type="checkbox" name="LED4" value="0" onclick="GetCheck('LED4', this)" />LED 40 (D5)
			</form>
		</div>
			<div class="out_box">
			<form class="check_LEDs" name="LED_form1">
				<input type="checkbox" name="LED1" value="0" onclick="GetCheck('LED1', this)" />LED 41 (D6)
				<input type="checkbox" name="LED2" value="0" onclick="GetCheck('LED2', this)" />LED 42 (D7)<br />
				<input type="checkbox" name="LED3" value="0" onclick="GetCheck('LED3', this)" />LED 43 (D8)
				<input type="checkbox" name="LED4" value="0" onclick="GetCheck('LED4', this)" />LED 44 (D9)
			</form>
		</div>
			<div class="out_box">
			<form class="check_LEDs" name="LED_form1">
				<input type="checkbox" name="LED1" value="0" onclick="GetCheck('LED1', this)" />LED 45 (D10)
				<input type="checkbox" name="LED2" value="0" onclick="GetCheck('LED2', this)" />LED 46 (D11)<br />
				<input type="checkbox" name="LED3" value="0" onclick="GetCheck('LED3', this)" />LED 47 (D12)
				<input type="checkbox" name="LED4" value="0" onclick="GetCheck('LED4', this)" />LED 48 (D13)
			</form>
		</div>
			</form>
		</div>
    </body>
</html>

31Jan, 2022

WHAT IS A IP ADDRESS AND HOW To COMMUNICATION DEVICE

973 Views

Computer Networking:- Today World Is Very Fast To Invent New Technologies But When I Connect All Technologies With Other Technologies To Communicate And Share Important Data With Each Other. This Is Possible With Only Computer Networking. For Example All Over The World Access Search Engines, Social Media, Video Streaming, So On Possible With Computer Networks. So This Is Very Important To Learn About Computer Networking.

WHAT IS A IP ADDRESS ?

A Unique Identifier.
Allows Transfer Of Files And Email .
It Works With TCP & And Hence Called TCP/IP.
A Data Packet Contain IP Address Transfer Throw Different Nodes And Network Until It Reached It’s Final.

WHAT IS AN IP ?

An IP Address Is A String Of Numbers Separated By Periods.IP Addresses Are Expressed As A Set Of Four Numbers-An An Example Address Might Be 192.158.1.38. Each Number In The Set Can Range From 0 To 255. So, The Full IP Addressing Range Goes From 0.0.0.0 To 255.255.255.255.

IP Addresses Are Not Random. They Are Mathematically Produced And Allocated By The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), A Division Of The Internet Corporation For Assigned Names And Numbers (ICANN).ICANN Is A Non-Profit Organization That Was Established In The United States In 1998 To Help Maintain The Security Of The Internet And Allow It To Be Usable By All. Each Time Anyone Registers A Domain On The Internet, They Go Through A Domain Name Registrar, Who Pays A Small Fee To ICANN To Register The Domain.

HOW DOES IP ADDRESSES WORK ?

If You Want To Understand Why A Particular Device Is Not Connecting In The Way You Would Expect Or You Want To Troubleshoot Why Your Network May Not Be Working, It Helps Understand How IP Addresses Work.

Internet Protocol Works The Same Way As Any Other Language, By Communicating Using Set Guidelines To Pass Information. All Devices, Find, Send And Exchange Information With Other Connected Devices Using This Protocol. By Speaking The Same Language, Any Computer In Any Location Can Talk To One Another.

Your Device Indirectly Connects To The Internet By Connecting At First To A Network Connected To The Internet, Which Then Grants Your Device Access To The Internet.
Your IP Address Is Assigned To Your Device By Your ISP.
Your Internet Activity Goes Through The ISP,And They Route It Back To You, Using Your IP Address.Since They Are Giving You Access To The Internet,It Is Their Role To Assign An IP Address To Your Device.
However, Your IP Address Can Change.For Example, Turning Your Modem Or Router On Or Off Can Change It.Or You Can Contact Your ISP,And They Can Change It For You.
When You Are Out And About- For Example, Traveling- And You Take Your Device With You, Your Home IP Address Does Not Come With You.This Is Because You Will Be Using Another Network (Wi-Fi At A Hotel, Airport, Coffee Shop Etc).To Access The Internet And Will Be Using A Different (Temporary) IP Address, Assigned To You By The ISP Of The Hotel Airport Or Coffee Shop.

TYPES OF IP ADDRESSES

CONSUMER IP ADDRESSES: Every Individual Or Business With An Internet Service Plan Will Have Two Types Of IP Addresses And Their Public IP Address. The Term Public And Private Relate To The Network Location- That Is, a Private IP Address Is Used Inside a Network, While A Public One Is Used Outside a Network.

PRIVATE IP ADDRESSES: Every Device That Connects To Your Internet Network Has A Private IP Address. This Includes Computers, Smartphones And Tablets But Also Any Bluetooth-Enabled Devices Like Printers, Speakers Or Smart TVs.With The Growing Internet Of Things, The Number Of Private IP Addresses You Have At Home Is Probably Growing. Your Router Needs A Way To Recognize